Breast lump

Breast lump is a thickening or mass that present is breast tissue.It may be found incidentally during a breast self examination or during a routine physical examination.
Lump may be painless or painful,may associated with nipple discharge or changes in the skin,such as irregularities, redness,a dimpled texture or tightened skin.
Breast lump may be fluid filled or solid masses,which are usually fibroadenomas (not cancerous).
Cause=
The most common cause include
Fibroadenoma
Fibrocystic changes
Mastitis
Breast abscesses
Galactocele
Injuries
Breast cancer
Features of breast lump
Stuck to the skin or chest wall
Hard and irregular in texture
Dimpling of skin near the lump
Lymph nodes in the armpit that are matted together or stuck to the skin or chest wall
A bloody discharge from the nipple
Thickened,red skin over the breast
Diagnosis
Ultrasonography-solid/cysts
Mammography
USG guided aspirations for diagnosis or therapeutic in cystic lump.
Fine -needle aspirations biopsy
Core needle biopsy
Treatment
Wearing a soft, supportive bra
Pain believers,such as acetaminophen or NSAID.
Drainage of cysts and abscess
Fibroadenoma= large size -surgical removal
Small-cryoablation


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Antepartum Heamorrhage APH

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Antepartum haemorrhage APH APH is usually define as bleeding form the birth canal after the 24 to 28 weeks of  pregnancy.It can occur at any time until the second stage of lobour is complete; bleeding following the birth of the baby is postpartum haemorrhage=Miscarriage Or  Any ammount of bleeding from genital tract after 28 weeks to before of bleeding 28wk ..... Delivery time....6wk APH_________IPH_________PPH ETIOLOGY  --- Idiopathic/unknown 2types    1) Placenta previa (pp) 2) Abrupto previa (AP) Placenta previa=in lower uterin segement Implantation posterior wall of bady of uterus near the fundus Abrupto precisa=premature separation of placenta Most common risk of APH Dropping down theory= Drop down in lower uterine segments Implantation Due to less endometrial reactions Increase that cilliary active of fallopian tube A)Types of placenta previa 1)Types 1 (PP)  low lying place
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