DSS Education

Sexually Transmitted Disease are the infections that are transmitted during any type of sexual contact. It is also called Venereal disease or STD   due to transmission of an infectious oragnaism between sex partner.It is most common infectious disease. Incidence   According to WHO   >1 Million people acquire a sexually Transmitted infection STI every day globally. Approximately 500 million new cases of one of four curable STIs ( Chlamydia,gonorrhoea, syphilis and trichomoniasis)  occur each year worldwide. Indian council of medical research (ICMR)  Has shown that 6%of adult population in India has one or more STI/RTI. This account to occurrence of about 30 to 35 million episodes every year in the country. It is an important public health problem in India. India provides a vast playground for the rapid spread of STDs . The main cause for this spread is ignorance. Many STDs show early symptoms, which then disappear without treatment,but the germs continue to re

In adult female ,vagina is lined by stratified squamous epithelium.In newborn female,it is lined by transitional epithelium.squamous epithelium is resistant to gonococcal infection.Thus , gonococal vaginitis cannot occur in adult female. Vagina has local inhabitant bacteria called Doderlein's bacillus Which breaks down the glycogen present in vaginal epithelium into lactic acid resulting in acidic pH(4-5.5, average 4.5) of vagina.The acidic pH of vagina acts as a barrier for external organism and protect from infection. Physiological vaginal discharge..... Clear, white and flocculent odourless discharge. Smear contains epithelial cells, lactobacillus pH ranges from 3.8 to 4.2 pH increase with increased oestrogen States:in pregnancy,OCP,mid-cycle,PCOS or premenarchal If pH increase in primenopausal woman, investigation for other effects of excess oestrogen. This area is subject to both primary and secondary infection.Ascending infection can occur from the vagina and c

Millions of women suffer from PCOS due to hormones cause. It is a common cause for infertility in women. Male hormones testosterone causes hyperandrogenism in women with heaving PCOS. It is characterised by an abnormaly evevated serum concentrations of androgen. Cause....       PCOS is multifactorial and polygenic.      Excessive productions of androgen from ovaries.     The elevated androgen interfere with reproductive, endocrine and metabolic functions. Pathology....... Hyperinsulinemina is found which is associated with insulin resistance and increase. Insulin resistance=serum fasting blood sugar/serum fasting insulin<405. Clinical features...... Obesity Menstrual irregularities.. oligomenorrhea, amenorrhea or DUB Infertility Hirsutism Acne Physical finding present in women with PCOS....... Weight gain.. Android obesity assess of (waist:hip ratio >0.85). Hirsutism Virilisations Hyp