Sexually Transmitted Disease
It is also called Venereal disease or STD due to transmission of an infectious oragnaism between sex partner.It is most common infectious disease.
Incidence
According to WHO >1 Million people acquire a sexually Transmitted infection STI every day globally.
Approximately 500 million new cases of one of four curable STIs (Chlamydia,gonorrhoea, syphilis and trichomoniasis) occur each year worldwide.
Indian council of medical research (ICMR) Has shown that 6%of adult population in India has one or more STI/RTI. This account to occurrence of about 30 to 35 million episodes every year in the country.
It is an important public health problem in India. India provides a vast playground for the rapid spread of STDs . The main cause for this spread is ignorance. Many STDs show early symptoms, which then disappear without treatment,but the germs continue to remain in the body.
It potentially cause serious and permanent complications in infected people who are not treated in timely and effective way. Millions women ar infected with STDs each year.
A large proportion of new occurrence amongst adolescent and young adults are infected.
STDs affect of all ages.It become more common in recent years, partly because people are becoming sexually active at a younger age ,are having multiple partner, and do not use preventive methods to lessen their chance of acquiring an STD.Infection partner can pass STDs to sexual partners even if they themselves do not have any symptoms.
STDs can occur again and again in same individual because the human body cannot build immunity against them and is no vaccination for them.
In addition STIs are known to facilitate humana immunodeficiency virus infection/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS).
Mode of spread. ...
The infections can be spread through any type of sexual activity involving..
Sex organs
Anus
Mouth
Contact with blood,body fluids
Tissue removed a STDs infection person and placed in contact with an uninfection person.
Unsterilized needles
Mother to child during pregnancy and childbirth through blood products and tissue transfer.....
Vulnerable groups......
Sexually active teenage girls
Sex workers and their clients
Women who have multiple sexual partners
Etc
Unusual discharge from vagina
Sores or warnts on the genital area
Painful or frequent urination
Itching and redness in genital area
Blisters or sores in or around the mouth
Abnormal vaginal odour
Anal itching,soreness,or bleeding
Dysparunenia
Abdominal pain
Fever
History taking
Clinical examination
Rapid blood test
Management......
Correct diagnosis
Early and effective treatment
Advice on sexual behaviour
Promotion and/or provisions.
Partner notification and treatment
Case reporting and follow up as appropriate.
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