Endometriosis

Definition
The presence and growth of functioning endometrial tissue (gland and stroma) outside the uterine cavity is called endometriosis.
EndometriosisThe most common site of occurrence is ovary (known as Endometrioma)and then pouch of Douglas.It can occus anywhere in the body including abdominal wall, lungs,pleura,brain and arm but usually occurs in pelvic area-fallopian tube,overy etc.
Normally endometrial tissue contains gland,blood cells,connective tissue and grows in the uterus,to prevent the lining of the womb for ovulation, During menstruation, these tissues expelled out as normal physiological processes but in endometriosis due to displace tissue cannot do this.
Common site-ovaries
Follopian tube
Peritoneum
Lymph nodes
Pouch of Douglas
Abdominal scar following hysterotomy
Uterosacral ligament
Sigmoid colon
Cause-
Reflux of menstrual flow
Embryonic cell growth
Fetal development
Surgical scar
Endometriomal cell transport
Genetics
Hormones immune system 
Risk factors-
Family history
Obstetrics anomalies of genital tract
Nulliparity
Late marriage and late childbirth
Clinical features-
May be asymptomatic
Severe menstrual cycle
Long term lower back and pelvic pain
Period lasting longer than 7day
Heavy menstrual period
Bowel and urinary problems including pain.. infertility
Nausa and vomiting..etc
Treatment-
Management pain
Management infertility
Pain- NSAIDs
OCP
GnRH agonist
Danazol
Surgical procedures

टिप्पणियाँ

एक टिप्पणी भेजें

इस ब्लॉग से लोकप्रिय पोस्ट

Third Complications of labor

चित्र
All women who deliver are at risk of complications in third stage of labor.These complications include Post partum Hemorrahege Retention of placenta (Retained placenta) Inversion of uterus Plumonary embolism Obsteric shock Injurier of birth canal     Retained placenta Management 1) Fundal pressure 2) Controll word traction 3) Manual remove of placenta under Genearl Anesthesia 1) Fundal pressure After seperation of placenta Pressure=Dounword and backward pressure on funda part and pull out the umblical word 2) Controll card traction  placenta separate Pressure on symphysis punia upword and backward Pull out with umblical word 3) Manual remove of placenta under general anesthesia Placent not seperat Female=General Anesthesia (Thiopentel sodiyam 4 to 5 mg/kg) Wear the gloves and insert hand in cone shape manner And reach hoti placenta margin Slicing movemen
और पढ़ें

Anatomy and physiology of Vagina to prevent infection

चित्र
In adult female ,vagina is lined by stratified squamous epithelium.In newborn female,it is lined by transitional epithelium.squamous epithelium is resistant to gonococcal infection.Thus , gonococal vaginitis cannot occur in adult female. Vagina has local inhabitant bacteria called Doderlein's bacillus Which breaks down the glycogen present in vaginal epithelium into lactic acid resulting in acidic pH(4-5.5, average 4.5) of vagina.The acidic pH of vagina acts as a barrier for external organism and protect from infection. Physiological vaginal discharge..... Clear, white and flocculent odourless discharge. Smear contains epithelial cells, lactobacillus pH ranges from 3.8 to 4.2 pH increase with increased oestrogen States:in pregnancy,OCP,mid-cycle,PCOS or premenarchal If pH increase in primenopausal woman, investigation for other effects of excess oestrogen. This area is subject to both primary and secondary infection.Ascending infection can occur from the vagina and c
और पढ़ें

Antepartum Heamorrhage APH

चित्र
Antepartum haemorrhage APH APH is usually define as bleeding form the birth canal after the 24 to 28 weeks of  pregnancy.It can occur at any time until the second stage of lobour is complete; bleeding following the birth of the baby is postpartum haemorrhage=Miscarriage Or  Any ammount of bleeding from genital tract after 28 weeks to before of bleeding 28wk ..... Delivery time....6wk APH_________IPH_________PPH ETIOLOGY  --- Idiopathic/unknown 2types    1) Placenta previa (pp) 2) Abrupto previa (AP) Placenta previa=in lower uterin segement Implantation posterior wall of bady of uterus near the fundus Abrupto precisa=premature separation of placenta Most common risk of APH Dropping down theory= Drop down in lower uterine segments Implantation Due to less endometrial reactions Increase that cilliary active of fallopian tube A)Types of placenta previa 1)Types 1 (PP)  low lying place
और पढ़ें