Male infertility

Male infertility refers to a male's inability to cause pregnancy in a fertile female.
It is commonly due to deficiencies in the semen,and semen quality is used as a surrogate measure of male fecundity.
Incidence
It affects approximately 7% of all men.
In India males suffered 30.3%decline in sperm count ,22.9%decline in sperm motility,and 51%decrease in morphology over a span of a decade.
Cause
1) Pre-testicular
Endocrine
Gonadotropin deficiency
Thyroid dysfunction
Hyperprolactinaemia 
Psychosexual
Impotence
Erectile dysfunction
Drugs
Anti hypertensive
Antipsychotic
Genetic
47XXY (Klinefelter) 
Y chromosome deletions
2) Testicular
Immotile cilia syndrome
Cryptorchidism
Infection (Mumps orchitis)
Toxins (drugs, radiation)
Primary testicular failure
Sertoli cell-only syndrome
Oligoasthenoteratozoospermis
3) Post testicular
Obstruction of efferent duct
Congenital absence of vas deferens
Young's syndrome
Acquired infection Tuberculosis,Gonorrhoea
Surgical-Vasectomy
Others-Ejaculatory failures
Bladder neck surgery
Retrograde ejaculation
(***)Above mentioned cause of male infertility play their role to make infertile through the following pathways:
1)Defective Spermatogenesis
2)Obstruction of efferent duct system
3)Failure of deposition of sperm high in vagina
4)Errors in the seminal fluid
Diagnosis
History
Physical examination
Semen analysis
Hormone profile-FSH And Testosterone
In Azoospermia
1)A very high FSH would indicate a testicular cause
2)A very LOW FSH would indicate pretesticular cause
3)A normal FSH would indicate a post-testicular cause
Chromosomal analysis for genetic isse
Ultrasonography
TRUS
Testicular biopsy
Treatment
IUI ,IVF,ICSI Therapy
Vitamin E help counter oxidative strees which is associated with sperm DNA damage and reduced sperm motility
A hormone antioxidant combination may improve sperm count and motility
Hormonal therapy.....LH,FSH,....... Clomiphene citrate......


टिप्पणियाँ

एक टिप्पणी भेजें

इस ब्लॉग से लोकप्रिय पोस्ट

Third Complications of labor

चित्र
All women who deliver are at risk of complications in third stage of labor.These complications include Post partum Hemorrahege Retention of placenta (Retained placenta) Inversion of uterus Plumonary embolism Obsteric shock Injurier of birth canal     Retained placenta Management 1) Fundal pressure 2) Controll word traction 3) Manual remove of placenta under Genearl Anesthesia 1) Fundal pressure After seperation of placenta Pressure=Dounword and backward pressure on funda part and pull out the umblical word 2) Controll card traction  placenta separate Pressure on symphysis punia upword and backward Pull out with umblical word 3) Manual remove of placenta under general anesthesia Placent not seperat Female=General Anesthesia (Thiopentel sodiyam 4 to 5 mg/kg) Wear the gloves and insert hand in cone shape manner And reach hoti placenta margin S...
और पढ़ें

Sexually Transmitted Disease

चित्र
Sexually Transmitted Disease are the infections that are transmitted during any type of sexual contact. It is also called Venereal disease or STD   due to transmission of an infectious oragnaism between sex partner.It is most common infectious disease. Incidence   According to WHO   >1 Million people acquire a sexually Transmitted infection STI every day globally. Approximately 500 million new cases of one of four curable STIs ( Chlamydia,gonorrhoea, syphilis and trichomoniasis)  occur each year worldwide. Indian council of medical research (ICMR)  Has shown that 6%of adult population in India has one or more STI/RTI. This account to occurrence of about 30 to 35 million episodes every year in the country. It is an important public health problem in India. India provides a vast playground for the rapid spread of STDs . The main cause for this spread is ignorance. Many STDs show early symptoms, which then disappear without trea...
और पढ़ें

Neonatal Resuscitation

चित्र
Resuscitation=Revival of an apparently dead The methodology of resuscitation- Or management of birth Asphyxia- Perinatal hypoxia of whatever cause,if sufficiently severe produce brainstem depression and secondary Apnea that is unresponsive to sensory stimulation Death from apnea may be prevents by resuscitation, provide that the basic cause of hypoxia can be eliminated whithin a reasonable time , during which artificial resuscitation,if necessary should be carried out, external cardiac massage, correction of acidosis and circulatory support with durg may be important, Hence,the way in which an asphyxiated newborn is managed at birth determine the immediate morbidity and quality of life among survival Complications (Important one's) and there management- 1)Intractable birth asphyxia- If the ventilation remains unsatisfactory even after 10 minutes of birth, following condition must be suspected A) Meconium aspirations or tracheal plug B) Congenital...
और पढ़ें